Syria
Syria is a country with a rich and diverse history, culture, and natural beauty.
Continent of Syria
It is located in Western Asia, on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea, and belongs to the continent of Asia.
Population of Syria
Syria has a population of about 23.5 million people, according to the latest United Nations estimates.
Capital of Syria
The capital and largest city of Syria is Damascus, one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.
The name Syria comes from the ancient region of Assyria, which was also called ash-Sham, Greater Syria, or Syria-Palestine.
Flag of Syria
The flag of Syria consists of three horizontal bands of red, white, and black, with two green stars in the center of the white band.
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The colors are derived from the Arab Liberation flag, which represents the struggle for freedom and unity among the Arab people.
The two stars symbolize Syria and Egypt, the two founding members of the United Arab Republic, a short-lived union that existed from 1958 to 1961.
The flag is pronounced as /ˈsɪr.i.ə/ in English, with the stress on the first syllable.
Country Code of Syria
The country code of Syria is +963.
Aِbbreviation of Syria
The Aِbbreviation of Syria is SY.
Currency of Syrian
the currency is the Syrian pound (SYP), which is divided into 100 piastres.
The exchange rate of 6 November 2023 was about 13700 (SYP) to per U.S. dollar.
Economy of Syria
Syria has a low-income economy that has been severely affected by the ongoing civil war, which started in 2011.
The conflict has caused widespread destruction, displacement, and human suffering, as well as sanctions, inflation, and shortages of food, fuel, and medicine.
The World Bank estimates that Syria’s GDP contracted by more than 50% between 2010 and 2019, and that more than half of the population lives in extreme poverty.
The main sectors of the economy are agriculture, oil, industry, and services, but they have all suffered from the war and the pandemic.
The main trading partners of Syria are Iraq, China, Lebanon, Turkey, and Russia.
History of Syria
Despite the challenges and hardships, Syria has a rich and diverse culture that reflects its long and complex history.
Syria is home to many ethnic, religious, and linguistic groups,
such as Arabs, Kurds, Armenians, Assyrians, Turkmen, Druze, Alawites, Sunnis, Shiites, Christians, and Jews.
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Syria has a strong tradition of literature, poetry, music, art, and cuisine, as well as a vibrant and hospitable society.
Some of the most famous cultural figures of Syria include the poet Nizar Qabbani,
the singer Fairuz, the painter Louay Kayali, and the filmmaker Mustafa al-Akkad.
Syria also has many natural and historical attractions that make it a fascinating destination for travelers.
Syria boasts six UNESCO World Heritage Sites,
such as the ancient city of Palmyra, the Crusader castle of Krak des Chevaliers, and the old city of Aleppo.
Syria also has stunning landscapes, such as the Syrian Desert, the Orontes River, the Al-Ansariyyah Mountains, and the Mediterranean coast.
Best places of Syria
Some of the best places to visit in Syria include Damascus, the Umayyad Mosque, the Souq al-Hamidiyya, the National Museum,
the Mausoleum of Saladin, the Azem Palace, and the Street Called Straight.
Other popular destinations include Latakia, Tartus, Homs, Hama, Bosra, Deir ez-Zor, and Quneitra.
Syria is a country that has a lot to offer to the world, but it also needs a lot of help and support to overcome its challenges and rebuild its future.
Syria is a country that deserves peace, justice, and dignity for its people, and a country that hopes to welcome visitors again someday.
Landmarks of Syria
Syria has many landmarks that showcase its rich and diverse history, culture, and natural beauty.
Some of the most famous and impressive landmarks are:
Aleppo Citadel:
This is a medieval fortress that stands on a hill in the center of Aleppo, one of the oldest cities in the world.
The citadel dates back to the 10th century BC,
and has been used by various civilizations, such as the Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Mongols, Mamluks, Ottomans, and French.
The citadel has a complex architecture, with walls, towers, gates, mosques, palaces, baths, and gardens.
The citadel is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and a symbol of Aleppo’s resilience and heritage.
The National Museum of Damascus:
This is the largest and most important museum in Syria, located in the capital city of Damascus.
The museum was founded in 1919, and houses a collection of artifacts and artworks from different periods and regions of Syria,
such as prehistoric, ancient, classical, Islamic, and modern.
The museum displays items such as statues, mosaics, coins, manuscripts, textiles, and jewelry.
The museum also has a replica of the famous Umayyad Mosque, which is another landmark of Damascus.
Church of Saint Simeon Stylites:
This is a Byzantine church that was built in the 5th century AD, in honor of Saint Simeon Stylites, a Christian ascetic who lived on top of a pillar for 37 years.
The church is located in the countryside near Aleppo, and is considered one of the oldest and most intact examples of Byzantine architecture.
The church has a unique design, with four basilicas radiating from a central octagon, where the pillar of Saint Simeon once stood.
The church is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and a place of pilgrimage for Christians.
These are just some of the many landmarks that you can find in Syria, a country that has a lot to offer to the world.
Cities of Syria
Syria is a country with many cities that have different characteristics, histories, and attractions.
Some of the cities in Syria are:
Damascus:
This is the capital and largest city of Syria, and one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world.
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Damascus is located in the south-west of the country, on the banks of the Barada River.
Damascus is known for its historical and cultural heritage, as well as its modern and cosmopolitan atmosphere.
Damascus has many landmarks,
such as the Umayyad Mosque, the Souq al-Hamidiyya, the National Museum, the Mausoleum of Saladin,
the Azem Palace, and the Street Called Straight.
Aleppo:
This is the second largest city of Syria, and the largest city in Aleppo Governorate.
Aleppo is located in the north of the country, near the border with Turkey.
Aleppo is one of the oldest cities in the world, and has been a major trading and cultural center for centuries.
Aleppo has a rich and diverse architecture, with influences from various civilizations, such as the Greeks, Romans, Arabs, Mongols, Mamluks, Ottomans, and French.
Aleppo has many landmarks, such as the Aleppo Citadel, the Great Mosque, the Souq al-Madina, the St. Simeon Cathedral, and the Baron Hotel.
Latakia:
This is the principal port city of Syria, and the capital city of Latakia Governorate.
Latakia is located on the Mediterranean coast, in the west of the country.
Latakia is a modern and industrial city, with a large and diverse population.
Latakia is also a popular tourist destination, with many resorts, beaches, and historical sites.
Latakia has many landmarks, such as the Roman Theatre, the National Museum, the Saladin Castle, and the Ugarit Ruins.
Homs:
This is the third largest city of Syria, and the capital city of Homs Governorate.
Homs is located in the center of the country, on the Orontes River.
Homs is an ancient and strategic city, that has witnessed many battles and events throughout history.
Homs is also a religious and cultural hub, with many mosques, churches, and monuments.
Homs has many landmarks, such as the Khalid ibn al-Walid Mosque, the Krak des Chevaliers, the Saint Mary Church of the Holy Belt, and the Al-Baath University.
Deir ez-Zor:
This is the largest city in eastern Syria, and the capital city of Deir ez-Zor Governorate.
Deir ez-Zor is located on the Euphrates River, near the border with Iraq.
Deir ez-Zor is an important agricultural and oil-producing city, with a rich and diverse history.
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Deir ez-Zor has many landmarks, such as the Deir ez-Zor Suspension Bridge, the Deir ez-Zor Museum, the Al-Rashid Mosque, and the Dura-Europos Ruins.
These are just some of the many cities that you can find in Syria, a country that has a lot to offer to the world.
Beaches of Syria
Syria has some beautiful beaches that are worth visiting, especially in the summer season.
Some of the best beaches in Syria are:
Al-Samra (Kessab):
This is the best beach in Syria, according to some reviews.
It is located near the Kessab village, in the north-west of the country, near the border with Turkey.
The beach has clear blue water, white sand, and green hills.
The beach is also clean and quiet, and offers a relaxing and scenic atmosphere.
Blue Beach:
This is a popular beach in Latakia, the principal port city of Syria.
The beach is part of a hotel and resort complex, which has a civil property.
The beach has nice and clean water, and a variety of rooms and facilities.
The beach is also close to the city center, and has a lively and cosmopolitan vibe.
The Golden Sands:
This is another beach in Latakia, which is also part of a hotel and resort complex.
The beach has golden sand, warm water, and a pleasant climate.
The beach is also suitable for families and children, and has a friendly and hospitable staff.
Ras al-Bassit:
This is a black sand beach in Syria, which is located in the north of the country, near the border with Turkey.
The beach is very popular.
The beach has a natural and rustic charm, but also needs a lot of improvement and maintenance.
These are just some of the many beaches that you can find in Syria, a country that has a lot to offer to the world.
Climate of Syria
Syria is a country with a varied and complex climate, depending on the region and the season.
The climate in Syria can be divided into four main zones:
the coast, the inland areas, the desert, and the mountains.
The coast of Syria has a Mediterranean climate, with mild, rainy winters and hot, sunny summers.
The average temperature ranges from 12 °C (53.5 °F) in January to 27.5 °C (81.5 °F) in August in Latakia, the principal port city of Syria.
The precipitation amounts to 770 millimeters (30 inches) per year, concentrated from October to April, with a maximum in winter.
The sea is warm enough for swimming from June to October.
The inland areas of Syria have an arid subtropical climate, with moderately cold winters and very hot, sunny summers.
The average temperature ranges from 4.5 °C (40 °F) in January to 35 °C (95 °F) in July in Damascus, the capital and largest city of Syria.
The precipitation amounts to 250 millimeters (10 inches) per year, mostly falling from November to March, with a minimum in summer.
The temperature can vary greatly between day and night, and sometimes reach extremes.
In July 2012, the temperature reached 48 °C (118 °F) in Damascus.
The desert of Syria covers most of the eastern and southern parts of the country, and has a hot desert climate, with very hot, dry summers and cool, dry winters.
The average temperature ranges from 7 °C (45 °F) in January to 38 °C (100 °F) in July in Deir ez-Zor, the largest city in eastern Syria.
The precipitation amounts to less than 100 millimeters (4 inches) per year, and is irregular and scarce.
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The wind can cause sandstorms and raise the temperature considerably.
In September 1999, the temperature reached 46 °C (115 °F) in Deir ez-Zor.
The mountains of Syria run along the western and southwestern parts of the country, and have a mountain climate, with cold, snowy winters and mild, sunny summers.
The average temperature ranges from -2 °C (28 °F) in January to 18 °C (64 °F) in July in Qamishli, a city near the Turkish border.
The precipitation amounts to 500 millimeters (20 inches) per year, mostly falling as snow from December to March.
The snow can last for several months on the highest peaks, such as Mount Hermon, which reaches 2,814 meters (9,232 feet) above sea level.
These are some of the main features of the climate in Syria, a country that has a lot to offer to the world.
Borders of Syria
Syria is a country in Western Asia, on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
It has a total area of 185,180 square kilometers, and it shares land borders with five countries:
Turkey, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, and Israel.
It also has a maritime border with Cyprus.
The length and history of each border are different, and some of them have been affected by conflicts and tensions.
Some more information about Syria’s borders:
Turkey-Syria border:
This is the longest border that Syria has, measuring 822 kilometers.
It was established in 1921, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, and it follows the line of the Baghdad Railway.
The border has been a source of disputes and clashes, especially during the Syrian Civil War,
when Turkey supported some rebel groups and opposed the Kurdish forces in northern Syria.
Turkey also built a wall along the border to prevent illegal crossings and terrorist attacks.
Iraq-Syria border:
This is the second longest border that Syria has, measuring 605 kilometers.
It was defined in 1922, by the Anglo-Iraqi Treaty, and it follows the course of the Euphrates River for some parts.
The border has been a hotspot for violence and instability, especially after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003, and the rise of the Islamic State (IS) in 2014.
The IS captured the Al-Waleed border crossing in 2015, and controlled most of the border until 2017,
when Iraqi and Syrian forces, with the help of a US-led coalition, regained control.
Jordan-Syria border:
This is the third longest border that Syria has, measuring 375 kilometers.
It was drawn in 1923, by the British and French colonial powers, and it follows the course of the Yarmouk River for some parts.
The border has been relatively peaceful and stable, except for some incidents during the Arab-Israeli wars and the Syrian Civil War.
Jordan has maintained a neutral stance in the Syrian conflict, and has hosted many refugees from Syria.
Lebanon-Syria border:
This is the fourth longest border that Syria has, measuring 375 kilometers.
It was established in 1920, by the French Mandate for Syria and Lebanon, and it follows the line of the Anti-Lebanon Mountains for some parts.
The border has been a scene of political and military interference and influence, as Syria has played a major role in Lebanon’s affairs,
especially during the Lebanese Civil War (1975-1990) and the Syrian occupation of Lebanon (1976-2005).
The border has also been a target for cross-border attacks by Israel and Hezbollah, a Lebanese militant group backed by Syria and Iran.
Israel-Syria border:
This is the shortest border that Syria has, measuring 76 kilometers.
It was created in 1949, after the first Arab-Israeli war, and it follows the line of the 1949 Armistice Agreements.
The border has been a source of conflict and hostility, as Syria and Israel have fought several wars over the Golan Heights,
a strategic plateau that Israel captured from Syria in 1967, and later annexed in 1981.
The border has also been affected by the Syrian Civil War, as Israel has conducted airstrikes against Iranian and Hezbollah targets in Syria,
and has provided humanitarian and medical aid to some Syrian civilians and rebels.
These are some of the main features of Syria’s borders, a country that has a lot to offer to the world.
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